Substance class
GLP-1-Analog
5 entries
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Semaglutid
Semaglutide
Semaglutide is a synthetic analog of the body's own incretin hormone GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1). It binds with high affinity to the GLP-1 receptor in the pancreas, CNS and peripheral tissue. In the pancreas, it enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion and inhibits glucagon release. In the hypothalamus, effects on satiety centres and food intake have been described. Through chemical modifications (a C18 fatty-acid side chain), semaglutide binds reversibly to albumin, which extends the half-life to about 7 days and enables once-weekly administration.
Tirzepatid
Tirzepatide
Tirzepatide is a dual agonist at GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) and GLP-1 receptors. It is a synthetic 39-amino-acid peptide with a C20 fatty-acid side chain that enables binding to albumin and thus a half-life of about 5 days. The simultaneous activation of both incretin receptors is intended to produce synergistic effects on insulin secretion, glucagon inhibition and food intake compared with pure GLP-1 agonists. GIP-receptor agonism has additionally been described to have direct effects on adipose tissue.
Retatrutid
Retatrutide
Retatrutide is a triple agonist at GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptors (GGG agonist). The additional activation of the glucagon receptor compared with dual GIP/GLP-1 agonists such as tirzepatide is intended to increase basal metabolic rate and intensify hepatic fat metabolism. Eli Lilly developed the peptide with the aim of addressing all three incretin receptors simultaneously. The selectivity and ratio of receptor activation were chosen so as to minimise hyperglycaemia from glucagon agonism.
Survodutid
Survodutide
Survodutide is a dual agonist at glucagon and GLP-1 receptors. The GLP-1 component promotes glucose-dependent insulin secretion and satiety, while the glucagon component is intended to increase energy expenditure and hepatic fat metabolism. The aim of this combination is weight reduction beyond that of pure GLP-1 agonists, together with a favourable effect on the liver.
Mazdutid
Mazdutide
Mazdutide is a dual agonist at GLP-1 and glucagon receptors, derived from oxyntomodulin (OXM). The GLP-1 action governs insulin secretion and appetite, while the glucagon action is intended to address energy expenditure and hepatic fat metabolism. It is being developed mainly in Asia (Innovent/Eli Lilly) for obesity and type 2 diabetes.