Substance class
IGF / Insulinanalog
4 entries
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IGF-1
Insulin-like Growth Factor 1
IGF-1 is a 70-amino-acid polypeptide with structural homology to insulin. It binds primarily to the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), through which it activates the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Ras/MAPK signalling cascades. Its main site of production is the liver, where synthesis is stimulated by growth hormone (GH). IGF-1 is regarded as a central mediator of the anabolic effects of growth hormone on muscle, bone and nerve tissue. In the blood, IGF-1 circulates bound to IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), which regulate its bioavailability and half-life.
IGF-1 LR3
Long R3 IGF-1
IGF-1 LR3 is a synthetically modified variant of human IGF-1. The modification comprises an N-terminal extension of 13 amino acids and the substitution of arginine with glutamic acid at position 3. These structural changes substantially reduce binding affinity to IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), increasing bioavailability and extending the biological half-life compared with native IGF-1 (about 12–15 minutes) to an estimated 20 hours. The mechanism of action at the IGF-1 receptor is analogous to native IGF-1: activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Ras/MAPK pathways.
MGF
Mechano Growth Factor
MGF (mechano growth factor) is a splice variant of the IGF-1 gene (IGF-1 Ec) expressed mainly after mechanical muscle loading. Its characteristic C-terminal E-peptide is discussed as a separate signal thought to promote the activation and proliferation of muscle satellite cells. The pegylated form (PEG-MGF) is intended to extend the very short half-life of the native peptide. The precise receptor of the E-peptide has not been conclusively identified.
IGF-1 DES
IGF-1 DES
IGF-1 DES is a truncated variant of insulin-like growth factor 1 lacking the first three N-terminal amino acids (DES(1-3)IGF-1). This truncation makes the molecule bind much more weakly to IGF binding proteins, allowing higher relative activity at the IGF-1 receptor in tissue. In cell models an increased potency relative to full-length IGF-1 has been described. The action concerns cell proliferation, differentiation and anabolic signalling.