MOTS-c · DOSSIER

MOTS-c

Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c · MRPS12-derived peptide · Peptide · 16 AS
LEGAL DE · UNCLASSIFIEDEVIDENCE · PRECLINICAL3 STUDIES
SUMMARY

In mice it improved blood-sugar handling and curbed age-related weight gain.

FIG.01 — SIGNAL CHAIN
MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR · ~2174.6 Da
EVIDENCE LEVELSPROVEN IN HUMANSANIMAL MODELS ONLYMECHANISM ONLYUNPROVEN IN HUMANS
01

What it does in the body

Findings, each with its evidence level — animal data kept visibly apart from what's unproven in humans.

Improved metabolism in mice

In mice it improved blood-sugar handling and curbed age-related weight gain.

ANIMAL MODELS ONLY
Activates the AMPK energy sensor

Probably switches on AMPK — the cell's central energy sensor.

MECHANISM ONLY
Longevity candidate

Blood levels fall with age; mice on a high-fat diet lived longer.

ANIMAL MODELS ONLY
Unproven in humans

In humans, only blood levels have been observed so far — real treatment trials are missing.

UNPROVEN IN HUMANS
02

Mechanism of action

What MOTS-c does in the body — step by step.

01

MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded in the mitochondrial genome — one of few known peptides of mitochondrial origin.

02

It is transcribed and translated from the 12S ribosomal RNA gene.

03

In preclinical studies, MOTS-c has been described as circulating in cells and in the blood, able to translocate to the cell nucleus and there modulate gene expression programmes that regulate metabolic adaptation.

03

Research status

How far along is the evidence?

PRECLINICALEARLY CLINICAL STUDIESCLINICALLY ESTABLISHED
MOTS-c was discovered in 2015 by Chang Lee et al. at USC and is a comparatively young research substance.
MOTS-c was discovered in 2015 by Chang Lee et al. at USC and is a comparatively young research substance.
Animal models (mice) showed improved insulin sensitivity, reduced age-associated weight gain and extended lifespan under a high-fat diet with MOTS-c administration.
Initial observational studies in humans examined MOTS-c plasma levels in relation to insulin resistance and aging, without an interventional character.
Clinical interventional studies in humans do not exist.
The substance is intensively discussed in longevity communities, but the scientific basis for human use is purely preclinical.
04

Known risks

Without human data, safety statements are limited. What is known:

01
No safety profile in humans available — exclusively preclinical data
02
Unknown pharmacokinetics in humans
03
AMPK activation has systemic effects on energy and cell-growth regulation; adverse effects cannot be ruled out
04
Product quality cannot be verified from uncontrolled commercial sources
05
No quality standards for manufacture or storage from non-pharmaceutical suppliers
05

Cited studies

Chronological — links lead to the source.

2015
MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis
PubMed 25738459 →
2015
The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance
PubMed 25738459 →
2021
MOTS-c: A Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide and Aging
PubMed 34124627 →
06

Frequently asked questions

What is MOTS-c?+

MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded in the mitochondrial genome — one of few known peptides of mitochondrial origin.

What type of peptide is MOTS-c?+

MOTS-c belongs to the Other class.

What is MOTS-c used for?+

In research, MOTS-c has primarily been investigated in the context of: Anti-aging, Metabolism. These are research findings (evidence: preclinical), not proven benefits in humans and not a usage recommendation.

Is MOTS-c legal in Germany?+

The regulatory status of MOTS-c in Germany is not clearly classified.

Is MOTS-c FDA-approved / legal in the US?+

No. MOTS-c is not FDA-approved as a drug in the US; it is mostly sold as a research chemical and not for human consumption.

Is MOTS-c legal in Canada?+

No. MOTS-c is not authorized by Health Canada and not intended for human consumption.

Where can I buy MOTS-c?+

Peptica sells nothing and names no sources. MOTS-c is "unclassified" in Germany; obtaining unapproved substances outside clinical studies is illegal and carries quality and safety risks.

What is the dosage of MOTS-c?+

Peptica publishes no dosing. There are no approved dosing guidelines for MOTS-c; figures circulating online stem from animal studies or anecdote, not from validated human protocols. This is not medical advice.

Is MOTS-c banned in sport (WADA)?+

MOTS-c is currently not on the WADA Prohibited List.

What are the known risks of MOTS-c?+

Documented risks include: No safety profile in humans available — exclusively preclinical data; Unknown pharmacokinetics in humans. This is not a complete safety assessment and not medical advice — see the risks section for the full list.

How well researched is MOTS-c?+

The evidence is classified as “preclinical”. 3 studies are cited on this page.

What is the molecular weight of MOTS-c?+

MOTS-c has a molar mass of about 2174.6 Da.

Which peptides are related to MOTS-c?+

Closely related entries: Epithalon. A direct side-by-side comparison is available via the compare function.

07

Dossier

Legal · Structure · Sources.

LEGAL STATUS BY REGION
Germanyunclassified

MOTS-c has no regulatory classification in the EU or Germany. As a newly discovered peptide without a clinical development programme, it is approved neither as a medicine nor as a dietary supplement. Not listed on the WADA Prohibited List. Commercially available preparations are entirely unregulated; quality and identity cannot be verified.

Legal status varies by country and can change. This is not legal advice.

STRUCTURE & MOLECULE
H₂NMRWQEMGYIFYPRKLRCOOH
16
AMINO ACIDS
~2174.6
MOL. WEIGHT (Da)
Human data are lacking
HALF-LIFE
SOURCES & EXTERNAL DATABASES

Methodology: Peptica compiles publicly available studies and regulatory information and assigns each statement an evidence level. Not medical advice. No warranty.

RELATED PEPTIDES & FURTHER READING
08

Community notes

Note: These posts are user opinions and not medical advice. Posts containing dosages, therapeutic claims or purchase recommendations are removed. All entries are manually reviewed before publication.
This page is intended solely for factual, scientifically oriented information. No medical advice · no dosage or usage recommendations · no claims of efficacy · no substitute for medical consultation. Peptica sells no substances. Partner links are marked as advertising; Peptica may earn a commission. © 2026 Peptica · Issue 01