Structure · schematic
Peptide chain of 3 amino acids · Kupfer-Peptid
Sequence
Gly-His-Lys (GHK) · Cu²⁺
Schematic representation of the amino acid chain — not a chemical structural formula. Each node represents one amino acid.
Research areas*
* Contexts in which the peptide has been scientifically studied — not assured or recommended effects.
Mechanism of action
- GHK-Cu (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine with a copper(II) complex) is a naturally occurring tripeptide detected in human plasma, saliva and urine.
- It binds copper ions and transports them into tissue.
- In vitro and in preclinical models, effects on collagen synthesis, antioxidant enzyme activity and the expression of growth factors (including VEGF, FGF) have been described.
- The precise mechanism of action in vivo in humans has not been fully elucidated.
Research status
- GHK-Cu has been researched particularly in a dermatological context: clinical studies have examined effects on skin elasticity, wrinkle depth and wound healing.
- Several smaller clinical studies showed signs of improved skin healing and anti-aging effects with topical application.
- The substance is approved as a cosmetic ingredient (INCI: Copper Tripeptide-1) in the EU and is widely used.
- Studies of systemic (injectable) use in humans are scarce; the available clinical evidence relates almost exclusively to topical application.
Evidence level
Cited studies
- 2009A clinical double-blind study of GHK-Cu peptide in reduction of fine facial lines
- 2012GHK-Cu may prevent oxidative stress in skin by regulating copper and modifying expression of numerous antioxidant genes
- 2015Copper peptide GHK-Cu and its skin benefits: a review of clinical and biochemical evidence
Known risks
- 01Topical use: generally well tolerated; contact-allergic reactions described in isolated cases
- 02Copper accumulation theoretically possible with systemic (non-cosmetic) use
- 03No data on systemic long-term safety available
- 04Interactions with copper-binding proteins not sufficiently studied
Frequently asked questions
What is GHK-Cu?
GHK-Cu (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine with a copper(II) complex) is a naturally occurring tripeptide detected in human plasma, saliva and urine.
What type of peptide is GHK-Cu?
GHK-Cu belongs to the Copper peptide class.
Is GHK-Cu legal in Germany?
The regulatory status of GHK-Cu in Germany is not clearly classified.
Where can I buy GHK-Cu?
Peptica sells nothing and names no sources. GHK-Cu is "unclassified" in Germany; obtaining unapproved substances outside clinical studies is illegal and carries quality and safety risks.
Is GHK-Cu banned in sport (WADA)?
GHK-Cu is currently not on the WADA Prohibited List.
What are the known risks of GHK-Cu?
Documented risks include: Topical use: generally well tolerated; contact-allergic reactions described in isolated cases; Copper accumulation theoretically possible with systemic (non-cosmetic) use. This is not a complete safety assessment and not medical advice — see the risks section for the full list.
How well researched is GHK-Cu?
The evidence is classified as “early clinical studies”. 3 studies are cited on this page.
What is the molecular weight of GHK-Cu?
GHK-Cu has a molar mass of about 400.9 Da.
Legal status
Germany
unclassifiedAustria
unclassifiedSwitzerland
unclassifiedEU
unclassifiedUSA
unclassifiedCanada
unclassifiedLegal status varies by country and can change. This is not legal advice.
Sources & methodology
- 3 peer-reviewed studies cited, linked to PubMed where available.
- Molecular data verified against PubChem and primary literature. PubChem CID 139035031
- Editorial standard: no dosage guidance, no sources, evidence level stated explicitly.
Last editorially reviewed: 1 May 2026
Important notice
This site is intended solely for factual, scientifically oriented information about peptides. It does not constitute medical advice, does not replace a consultation with a doctor and contains no recommendations for use in humans.
This site does not sell any substances and names no sources for unapproved substances. For medical questions, please consult qualified medical professionals.
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