MSH-Fragment

KPV

Lys-Pro-Val

KPV is a tripeptide (lysine-proline-valine) corresponding to the C-terminal end of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). While the full α-MSH (13 amino acids) is strongly pigmenting and binds MC1R/MC3R, the KPV fragment exerts its anti-inflammatory effects via mechanisms that are partly independent of melanocortin receptors. KPV inhibits NF-κB signalling pathways in intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells, reduces the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, TNF-α) and appears able to enter inflammatory cells directly. Owing to its small size (tripeptide), KPV shows good intestinal stability.